0707070000020025631006440001460001440000010272610352522262400000500000000004Size352 0707070000020026021006440001460001440000010246350352603046700000600000000202Files./Size ./Files ./Install ./Name ./Remove ./mailx ./mailx.help ./mailx.help.~ ./mailx.1 ./mailx.man ./rmmail ./MAKEcpio ./MAKEflop 0707070000020026031006440001460001440000010274040352603007600001000000001567Install# # Move all relevant files to their destination # DESTDIR=/usr/bin DESTLIB=/usr/lib/mailx export DESTDIR DESTLIB echo "Installing 'mailx' command" ln mailx $DESTDIR chown bin mailx chgrp bin mailx chmod 755 mailx if [ ! -d $DESTLIB ] then echo "Creating mailx library Directory $DESTLIB" mkdir $DESTLIB chown bin $DESTLIB chgrp bin $DESTLIB chmod 0755 $DESTLIB fi echo "Installing 'Mailx' help files :" ln rmmail $DESTLIB chgrp mail rmmail chmod 2755 rmmail for i in mailx.help* mailx.1 do echo Installing $i in $DESTLIB ln $i $DESTLIB chown bin $i chgrp bin $i chmod 0664 $i done ln mailx.man ${HOME}/Filecabinet chown $LOGNAME ${HOME}/Filecabinet/mailx.man chmod 666 ${HOME}/Filecabinet/mailx.man message -i "The Mailx manual page can be found in a file called mailx.man in your Filecabinet.\n\nThe Mailx command is in /usr/bin.\n\nTouch to continue." 0707070000020025641006440001460001440000010274030352603014600000500000000056NameMAILX Version 2.14 08/01/85 - from THE STORE! 0707070000020025671006440001460001440000010241700352522257100000700000000500Remove# # Remove all Mailx command stuff ! # DESTBIN=/usr/bin DESTLIB=/usr/lib/mailx export DESTBIN DESTLIB if [ -d $DESTLIB ] then rm -rf $DESTLIB fi if [ -f $DESTBIN/mailx ] then rm -f $DESTBIN/mailx fi echo "The Mailx command and related files have been removed." echo "Type ENTER to continue" read junk # # done # 0707070000020025741007550001460001440000010246420352522257100000600000247642mailxQOW'f'!l .text'f .data '(@.bss ' '!l OQ./HJf/H# 'Nf/N 'N0<N@NVH$n`RJf R.N @(H f LN^Nu$n&L`RJfB L`NVH nE&n `R  g rm rlB`L N^NuNV. ,NL.ND. 4N:p.N 'NN^NuNV. 6N.N. 4N NN^NuNVH$n`RJf ./.p/N '2PLN^NuNVH m4 . 5(n( .S"ЀЁ"y 5,EfRLN^NuNVHn/.N $PJlpN^Nup0. @fp`p`NVH$n *LN^NuNVH$n`XJf n" LN^NuNV .r -@ .N^NuNV .-@N^NuNVH. 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Held %d messages in %s failed to fix up status field OStatus: %s First recipient is '%s' No recipients specified No message !?! askccEOT Null message body; hope that's ok . . . message lost, sorry. Recipients of message: "%s"/bin/mailsendwaitShould be inserting commas in recip lists To: Subject: %s Cc: Bcc: save in '%s' String too largeNo room for space %d Internal error/tmp/Rs%-d/tmp/Rq%-d/tmp/Rm%-d/tmp/Re%-d/tmp/Rx%-d/tmp/Rz%-d"%s" is not a user of this system ubluitWho are you!? ioctlSubject: too long to edit   mailx: mailer "%s" not available. promptassign(%s)=%s "%s": undefined variable deassign(%s) value(%s)=%s "%s": not a group %s MAILXTEST/lib/mailx/usr/lib/mailx/bin/usr/binM:/Day Mon 00 00:00:00 1900 SunMonTueWedThuFriSatJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecTZFP  ESTEDT/bin/shPATH:/bin:/usr/binsh/bin/shsh-c-+ 0123456789ABCDEF0123456789abcdef0x0X-+ -+ Fn CAy7Aׄ@È@Y@$C@@$@$@$@$@$?@$@$ ((((( H /bin/shsh-c D <8 C C  CUnknown error: ! ! ! ! ! " " ". 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'7 '@ '[ 'xSError 0Not ownerNo such file or directoryNo such processInterrupted system callI/O errorNo such device or addressArg list too longExec format errorBad file numberNo child processesNo more processesNot enough spacePermission deniedBad addressBlock device requiredDevice busyFile existsCross-device linkNo such deviceNot a directoryIs a directoryInvalid argumentFile table overflowToo many open filesNot a typewriterText file busyFile too largeNo space left on deviceIllegal seekRead-only file systemToo many linksBroken pipeArgument out of domainResult too largeNo message of desired typeIdentifier removedChannel number out of rangeLevel 2 not synchronizedLevel 3 haltedLevel 3 resetLink number out of rangeProtocol driver not attachedNo CSI structure availableLevel 2 haltedError 45Error 46Error 47Error 48Error 49Bad exchange descriptorBad request descriptorMessage tables fullAnode table overflowBad request codeInvalid slotFile locking deadlockBad font file formatError 58Error 59Not a stream deviceNo data availableTimer expiredOut of stream resourcesMachine is not on the networkInode is remoteObject is remoteLink has been severedAdvertise errorSrmount errorCommunication error on sendProtocol errorCross mount pointName server not running at portMultihop attemptedInode is remoteCross mount pointNot a data messageError 78Error 79Name not unique on networkFile descriptor in bad stateRemote address changed I0707070000020025751006640001460001440000010260050352522257100001300000001657mailx.help mailx commands type [msglist] print messages next goto and type next message edit [msglist] edit messages from [msglist] give header lines of messages delete [msglist] delete messages undelete [msglist] restore deleted messages save [msglist] file append messages to file reply [message] reply to message, including all recipients Reply [msglist] reply to the authors of the messages preserve [msglist] preserve messages in mailbox mail user mail to specific user quit quit, preserving unread messages xit quit, preserving all messages header print page of active message headers ! shell escape cd [directory] chdir to directory or home if none given list list all commands (no explanations) top [msglist] print top 5 lines of messages z [-] display next [last] page of 10 headers [msglist] is optional and specifies messages by number, author, subject or type. The default is the current message. 0707070000020025761006640001460001440000010260060352522257100001500000001531mailx.help.~-------------------- ~ ESCAPES ---------------------------- ~~ Quote a single tilde ~a,~A Autograph (insert 'sign' variable) ~b users Add users to Bcc list ~c users Add users to Cc list ~d Read in dead.letter file ~e Edit the message buffer ~m messages Read in messages, right-shifted by a tab ~f messages Read in messages, do not right-shift ~h Prompt for To list, Subject and Cc list ~p Print the message buffer ~q,~Q Quit, save letter in $HOME/dead.letter ~x Quit, do not save letter ~r file Read a file into the message buffer ~s subject Set subject ~t users Add users to To list ~v Invoke display editor on message ~w file Write message onto file ~. End of input ~!command Run a shell command ~|command Pipe the message through the command ~:command Execute regular mailx command ----------------------------------------------------------- 0707070000020025771006640001460001440000010260070352522257100001000000063716mailx.1.de Cm .sp .ne 3 .TP \\fB\\$1\\fR\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9 .br .. .de C .ne 2 .TP \\fB\\$1\\fR\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9 .br .. .de Ti .sp .ne 2 .TP \\fB~\\$1\\fR \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9 .br .. .de Va .sp .ne 2 .TP \\fB\\$1\\fR=\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9 .br .. .de V .sp .ne 2 .TP \\fB\\$1\\fR .br .. .ds Ma \\fImailx\\fR .ds EV "\s-1ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\s+1 .ds CM "\s-1COMMANDS\s+1 .ds TE "\s-1TILDE ESCAPES\s+1 .ds al \\fIalias\\fR .ds nu \\fInumber\\fR .ds ms \\fImessage\fR .ds sh \\fIshell-command\\fR .ds mc \\fImail-command\\fR .ds dl \\fIdead.letter\\fR .ds mr \\fI.mailrc\\fR .ds mb \\fImbox\\fR .ds mx \\fImailbox\\fR .ds ml \\fImsglist\\fR .ds om [\\fImsglist\\fR] .ds hf \\fIheader-field\\fR .ds fn \\fIfilename\\fR .ds st \\fIstring\\fR .ds dr \\fIdirectory\\fR .ds nm \\fIname\\fR .TH MAILX 1 .SH NAME mailx \- interactive message processing system .SH SYNOPSIS \f3mailx [\f2options\f3] [\f2name...\f3]\fR .SH DESCRIPTION The command \f2mailx\fR provides a comfortable, flexible environment for sending and receiving messages electronically. When reading mail, \*(Ma provides commands to facilitate saving, deleting, and responding to messages. When sending mail, \*(Ma allows editing, reviewing and other modification of the message as it is entered. .PP Incoming mail is stored in a standard file for each user, called the system \*(mx for that user. When \*(Ma is called to read messages, the \*(mx is the default place to find them. As messages are read, they are marked to be moved to a secondary file for storage, unless specific action is taken, so that the messages need not be seen again. This secondary file is called the \*(mb and is normally located in the user's \s-1HOME\s+1 directory (see "\s-1MBOX\s+1" (\*(EV) for a description of this file). Messages remain in this file until forcibly removed. .PP On the command line, .I options start with a dash (\-) and any other arguments are taken to be destinations (recipients). If no recipients are specified, \*(Ma will attempt to read messages from the \*(mx. Command line options are: .sp .PP .RS .PD 0 .TP 14 .B \-d Turn on debugging output. Neither particularly interesting nor recommended. .TP .B \-e Test for presence of mail. \f2Mailx\fR prints nothing and exits with a successful return code if there is mail to read. .TP .BR \-f \ [\*(fn] Read messages from \*(fn instead of \*(mx. If no \*(fn is specified, the \*(mb is used. .TP .B \-F Record the message in a file named after the first recipient. Overrides the "record" variable, if set (see \*(EV). .TP .BR \-h\|\*(nu The number of network "hops" made so far. This is provided for network software to avoid infinite delivery loops. .TP .B \-H Print header summary only. .TP .B \-i Ignore interrupts. See also "ignore" (\*(EV). .TP .B \-n Do not initialize from the system default .I Mailx.rc file. .TP .B \-N Do not print initial header summary. .TP .BI \-r \ address Pass .I address to network delivery software. All tilde commands are disabled. .TP .BI \-s \ subject Set the Subject header field to .IR subject . .TP .BI \-u \ user Read .IR user 's \*(mx. This is only effective if .IR user 's \*(mx is not read protected. .TP .B \-U Convert \f2uucp\fR style addresses to internet standards. Overrides the "conv" environment variable. .RE .PD .sp .PP When reading mail, \*(Ma is in \fIcommand mode\fR. A header summary of the first several messages is displayed, followed by a prompt indicating \*(Ma can accept regular commands (see \*(CM below). When sending mail, \*(Ma is in \fIinput mode\fR. If no subject is specified on the command line, a prompt for the subject is printed. As the message is typed, \*(Ma will read the message and store it in a temporary file. Commands may be entered by beginning a line with the tilde (~) escape character followed by a single command letter and optional arguments. See \*(TE for a summary of these commands. .PP At any time, the behavior of \*(Ma is governed by a set of \fIenvironment variables\fR. These are flags and valued parameters which are set and cleared via the .BR se t and .BR uns et commands. See \*(EV below for a summary of these parameters. .PP Recipients listed on the command line may be of three types: login names, shell commands, or alias groups. Login names may be any network address, including mixed network addressing. If the recipient name begins with a pipe symbol (\ |\ ), the rest of the name is taken to be a shell command to pipe the message through. This provides an automatic interface with any program that reads the standard input, such as .IR lp (1) for recording outgoing mail on paper. Alias groups are set by the .BR a lias command (see \*(CM below) and are lists of recipients of any type. .PP Regular commands are of the form .sp .ti +4 [ .B command ] [ .I msglist ] [ .I arguments ] .sp If no command is specified in \fIcommand mode\fR, .BR p rint is assumed. In \fIinput mode\fR, commands are recognized by the escape character, and lines not treated as commands are taken as input for the message. .PP Each message is assigned a sequential number, and there is at any time the notion of a 'current' message, marked by a '>' in the header summary. Many commands take an optional list of messages (\*(ml) to operate on, which defaults to the current message. A \*(ml is a list of message specifications separated by spaces, which may include: .PP .RS .PD 0 .TP 8 .B n Message number .BR n . .TP .B . The current message. .TP .B ^ The first undeleted message. .TP .B $ The last message. .TP .B * All messages. .TP .B n\-m An inclusive range of message numbers. .TP .B user All messages from .BR user . .TP .B /string All messages with .B string in the subject line (case ignored). .TP .BI : c All messages of type .IR c , where .I c is one of: .RS 13 .TP .B d deleted messages .TP .B n new messages .TP .B o old messages .TP .B r read messages .TP .B u unread messages .RE 0 .RS 16 Note that the context of the command determines whether this type of message specification makes sense. .RE .PD .PP Other arguments are usually arbitrary strings whose usage depends on the command involved. File names, where expected, are expanded via the normal shell conventions (see .IR sh (1)). Special characters are recognized by certain commands and are documented with the commands below. .PP At start-up time, \*(Ma reads commands from a system-wide file (\fB/usr/lib/mailx/mailx.rc\fR) to initialize certain parameters, then from a private start-up file (\f3$HOME/.mailrc\fR) for personalized variables. Most regular commands are legal inside start-up files, the most common use being to set up initial display options and alias lists. The following commands are not legal in the start-up file: .BR ! , .BR C opy, .BR e dit, .BR fo llowup, .BR F ollowup, .BR ho ld, .BR m ail, .BR pre serve, .BR r eply, .BR R eply, .BR sh ell, and .BR v isual. Any errors in the start-up file cause the remaining lines in the file to be ignored. .SH \*(CM The following is a complete list of \*(Ma commands: .PP .PD 0 .Cm ! \*(sh Escape to the shell. See "\s-1SHELL\s+1" (\*(EV). .Cm # "" \fIcomment\fR Null command (comment). This may be useful in \*(mr files. .Cm = Print the current message number. .Cm ? Prints a summary of commands. .Cm a lias \*(al \*(nm ... .C g roup \*(al \*(nm ... Declare an alias for the given names. The names will be substituted when \*(al is used as a recipient. Useful in the \*(mr file. .Cm alt ernates \*(nm ... Declares a list of alternate names for your login. When responding to a message, these names are removed from the list of recipients for the response. With no arguments, .BR alt ernates prints the current list of alternate names. See also "allnet" (\*(EV). .Cm cd "" [\*(dr] .C ch dir [\*(dr] Change directory. If \*(dr is not specified, \s-1$HOME\s+1 is used. .Cm c opy [\*(fn] .C c opy \*(om \*(fn Copy messages to the file without marking the messages as saved. Otherwise equivalent to the .BR s ave command. .Cm C opy \*(om Save the specified messages in a file whose name is derived from the author of the message to be saved, without marking the messages as saved. Otherwise equivalent to the .BR S ave command. .Cm d elete \*(om Delete messages from the \*(mx. If "autoprint" is set, the next message after the last one deleted is printed (see \*(EV). .Cm di scard [\*(hf ...] .C ig nore [\*(hf ...] Suppresses printing of the specified header fields when displaying messages on the screen. Examples of header fields to ignore are "status" and "cc." The fields are included when the message is saved. The .BR P rint and .BR T ype commands override this command. .Cm dp "" \*(om .C dt "" \*(om Delete the specified messages from the \*(mx and print the next message after the last one deleted. Roughly equivalent to a .BR d elete command followed by a .BR p rint command. .Cm ec ho \*(st ... Echo the given strings (like .IR echo (1)). .Cm e dit \*(om Edit the given messages. The messages are placed in a temporary file and the "EDITOR" variable is used to get the name of the editor (see \*(EV). Default editor is .IR ed (1). .Cm ex it .C x it Exit from \*(Ma, without changing the \*(mx. No messages are saved in the \*(mb (see also .BR q uit). .Cm fi le [\*(fn] .C fold er [\*(fn] Quit from the current file of messages and read in the specified file. Several special characters are recognized when used as file names, with the following substitutions: .RS 10 .TP 6 % the current \*(mx. .TP .RB % user the \*(mx for .BR user . .TP # the previous file. .TP & the current \*(mb. .RE .RS 5 Default file is the current \*(mx. .RE .Cm folders Print the names of the files in the directory set by the "folder" variable (see \*(EV). .Cm fo llowup [\*(ms] Respond to a message, recording the response in a file whose name is derived from the author of the message. Overrides the "record" variable, if set. See also the .BR F ollowup, .BR S ave, and .BR C opy commands and "outfolder" (\*(EV). .Cm F ollowup \*(om Respond to the first message in the \*(ml, sending the message to the author of each message in the \*(ml. The subject line is taken from the first message and the response is recorded in a file whose name is derived from the author of the first message. See also the .BR fo llowup, .BR S ave, and .BR C opy commands and "outfolder" (\*(EV). .Cm f rom \*(om Prints the header summary for the specified messages. .Cm g roup \*(al \*(nm ... .C a lias \*(al \*(nm ... Declare an alias for the given names. The names will be substituted when \*(al is used as a recipient. Useful in the \*(mr file. .Cm h eaders [\*(ms] .sp 18p Prints the page of headers which includes the message specified. .vs The "screen" variable sets the number of headers per page (see \*(EV). See also the .B z command. .Cm hel p Prints a summary of commands. .Cm ho ld \*(om .C pre serve \*(om Holds the specified messages in the \*(mx. .Cm i f \fIs\fR\ |\ \fIr\fR .C "" \*(mcs .C el se .C "" \*(mcs .C en dif Conditional execution, where .I s will execute following \*(mcs, up to an .BR el se or .BR en dif, if the program is in .I send mode, and .I r causes the \*(mcs to be executed only in .I receive mode. Useful in the \*(mr file. .Cm ig nore \*(hf ... .C di scard \*(hf ... Suppresses printing of the specified header fields when displaying messages on the screen. Examples of header fields to ignore are "status" and "cc." All fields are included when the message is saved. The .BR P rint and .BR T ype commands override this command. .Cm l ist Prints all commands available. No explanation is given. .Cm m ail \*(nm ... Mail a message to the specified users. .Cm mb ox \*(om Arrange for the given messages to end up in the standard \*(mb save file when \*(Ma terminates normally. See "MBOX" (\*(EV) for a description of this file. See also the .BR ex it and .BR q uit commands. .Cm n ext [\*(ms] Go to next message matching \*(ms. A \*(ml may be specified, but in this case the first valid message in the list is the only one used. This is useful for jumping to the next message from a specific user, since the name would be taken as a command in the absence of a real command. See the discussion of \*(mls above for a description of possible message specifications. .Cm pi pe \*(om [\*(sh] .sp 18p .C | "" \*(om [\*(sh] Pipe the message through the given \*(sh. .vs The message is treated as if it were read. If no arguments are given, the current message is piped through the command specified by the value of the "cmd" variable. If the "page" variable is set, a form feed character is inserted after each message (see \*(EV). .Cm pre serve \*(om .sp 18p .C ho ld \*(om Preserve the specified messages in the \*(mx. .Cm P rint \*(om .C T ype \*(om Print the specified messages on the screen, .vs including all header fields. Overrides suppression of fields by the .BR ig nore command. .Cm p rint \*(om .sp 18p .C t ype \*(om Print the specified messages. .vs If "crt" is set, the messages longer than the number of lines specified by the "crt" variable are paged through the command specified by the "PAGER" variable. The default command is .IR pg (1) (see \*(EV). .Cm q uit Exit from \*(Ma, storing messages that were read in \*(mb and unread messages in the \*(mx. Messages that have been explicitly saved in a file are deleted. .Cm R eply \*(om .sp 18p .C R espond \*(om Send a response to the author of each message in the \*(ml. .vs The subject line is taken from the first message. If "record" is set to a filename, the response is saved at the end of that file (see \*(EV). .Cm r eply [\*(ms] .sp 18p .C r espond [\*(ms] Reply to the specified message, .vs including all other recipients of the message. If "record" is set to a filename, the response is saved at the end of that file (see \*(EV). .Cm S ave \*(om Save the specified messages in a file whose name is derived from the author of the first message. The name of the file is taken to be the author's name with all network addressing stripped off. See also the .BR C opy, .BR fo llowup, and .BR F ollowup commands and "outfolder" (\*(EV). .Cm s ave [\*(fn] .sp 18p .C s ave \*(om \*(fn Save the specified messages in the given file. .vs The file is created if it does not exist. The message is deleted from the \*(mx when \*(Ma terminates unless "keepsave" is set (see also \*(EV and the .BR ex it and .BR q uit commands). .Cm se t .C se t \*(nm .C se t \*(nm=\*(st .C se t \*(nm=\*(nu Define a variable called \*(nm. The variable may be given a null, string, or numeric value. .BR Se t by itself prints all defined variables and their values. See \*(EV for detailed descriptions of the \*(Ma variables. .Cm sh ell Invoke an interactive shell (see also "SHELL" (\*(EV)). .Cm si ze \*(om Print the size in characters of the specified messages. .Cm so urce \*(fn Read commands from the given file and return to command mode. .Cm to p \*(om Print the top few lines of the specified messages. If the "toplines" variable is set, it is taken as the number of lines to print (see \*(EV). The default is 5. .Cm tou ch \*(om Touch the specified messages. If any message in \*(ml is not specifically saved in a file, it will be placed in the \*(mb upon normal termination. See .BR ex it and .BR q uit. .Cm T ype \*(om .sp 18p .C P rint \*(om Print the specified messages on the screen, .vs including all header fields. Overrides suppression of fields by the .BR ig nore command. .Cm t ype \*(om .sp 18p .C p rint \*(om Print the specified messages. .vs If "crt" is set, the messages longer than the number of lines specified by the "crt" variable are paged through the command specified by the "PAGER" variable. The default command is .IR pg (1) (see \*(EV). .Cm u ndelete \*(om Restore the specified deleted messages. Will only restore messages deleted in the current mail session. If "autoprint" is set, the last message of those restored is printed (see \*(EV). .Cm uns et \*(nm ... Causes the specified variables to be erased. If the variable was imported from the execution environment (i.e., a shell variable) then it cannot be erased. .Cm ve rsion Prints the current version and release date. .Cm v isual \*(om Edit the given messages with a screen editor. The messages are placed in a temporary file and the "VISUAL" variable is used to get the name of the editor (see \*(EV). .Cm w rite \*(om \*(fn Write the given messages on the specified file, minus the header and trailing blank line. Otherwise equivalent to the .BR s ave command. .Cm x it .C ex it Exit from \*(Ma, without changing the \*(mx. No messages are saved in the \*(mb (see also .BR q uit). .Cm z [\ +\ |\ -\ ] Scroll the header display forward or backward one screen\-full. The number of headers displayed is set by the "screen" variable (see \*(EV). .PD .SH \*(TE The following commands may be entered only from \fIinput mode\fR, by beginning a line with the tilde escape character (~). See "escape" (\*(EV) for changing this special character. .PP .PD 0 .Ti ! \*(sh Escape to the shell. .Ti . Simulate end of file (terminate message input). .Ti : \*(mc .ti -5 .BR ~_\ \*(mc .br Perform the command-level request. Valid only when sending a message while reading mail. .Ti ? Print a summary of tilde escapes. .Ti A Insert the autograph string "Sign" into the message (see \*(EV). .Ti a Insert the autograph string "sign" into the message (see \*(EV). .Ti b \*(nm ... Add the \*(nms to the blind carbon copy (Bcc) list. .Ti c \*(nm ... Add the \*(nms to the carbon copy (Cc) list. .Ti d Read in the \*(dl file. See "DEAD" (\*(EV) for a description of this file. .Ti e Invoke the editor on the partial message. See also "EDITOR" (\*(EV). .Ti f \*(om Forward the specified messages. The messages are inserted into the message, without alteration. .Ti h Prompt for Subject line and To, Cc, and Bcc lists. If the field is displayed with an initial value, it may be edited as if you had just typed it. .Ti i \*(st Insert the value of the named variable into the text of the message. For example, .B ~A is equivalent to .RB ' ~i \ Sign.' .Ti m \*(om Insert the specified messages into the letter, shifting the new text to the right one tab stop. Valid only when sending a message while reading mail. .Ti p Print the message being entered. .Ti q Quit from input mode by simulating an interrupt. If the body of the message is not null, the partial message is saved in \*(dl. See "DEAD" (\*(EV) for a description of this file. .Ti r \*(fn .ti -5 .BR ~<\ \*(fn .br .ti -5 .BR ~<\ !\*(sh .br Read in the specified file. If the argument begins with an exclamation point (!), the rest of the string is taken as an arbitrary shell command and is executed, with the standard output inserted into the message. .Ti s \*(st ... Set the subject line to \*(st. .Ti t \*(nm ... Add the given \*(nms to the To list. .Ti v Invoke a preferred screen editor on the partial message. See also "VISUAL" (\*(EV). .Ti w \*(fn Write the partial message onto the given file, without the header. .Ti x Exit as with .B ~q except the message is not saved in \*(dl. .Ti | \*(sh Pipe the body of the message through the given \*(sh. If the \*(sh returns a successful exit status, the output of the command replaces the message. .PD .SH \*(EV The following are environment variables taken from the execution environment and are not alterable within \*(Ma. .PD 0 .Va \s-1HOME\s+1 \*(dr The user's base of operations. .Va \s-1MAILRC\s+1 \*(fn The name of the start-up file. Default is $HOME/.mailrc. .PD .PP The following variables are internal \*(Ma variables. They may be imported from the execution environment or set via the .BR se t command at any time. The .BR uns et command may be used to erase variables. .PD 0 .V allnet All network names whose last component (login name) match are treated as identical. This causes the \*(ml message specifications to behave similarly. Default is .BR noallnet . See also the .BR alt ernates command and the "metoo" variable. .V append Upon termination, append messages to the end of the \*(mb file instead of prepending them. Default is .B noappend. .V askcc Prompt for the Cc list after message is entered. Default is .BR noaskcc . .V asksub Prompt for subject if it is not specified on the command line with the .B \-s option. Enabled by default. .V autoprint Enable automatic printing of messages after .BR d elete and .BR u ndelete commands. Default is .BR noautoprint . .V bang Enable the special-casing of exclamation points (!) in shell escape command lines as in .IR vi (1). Default is .BR nobang . .Va cmd \*(sh Set the default command for the .BR pi pe command. No default value. .Va conv \fIconversion\fR Convert uucp addresses to the specified address style. The only valid conversion now is .IR internet , which requires a mail delivery program conforming to the RFC822 standard for electronic mail addressing. Conversion is disabled by default. See also "sendmail" and the .B \-U command line option. .Va crt \*(nu Pipe messages having more than \fInumber\fR lines through the command specified by the value of the "\s-1PAGER\s+1" variable .RI ( pg (1) by default). Disabled by default. .Va DEAD \*(fn The name of the file in which to save partial letters in case of untimely interrupt or delivery errors. Default is $HOME/dead.letter. .V debug Enable verbose diagnostics for debugging. Messages are not delivered. Default is .BR nodebug . .V dot Take a period on a line by itself during input from a terminal as end-of-file. Default is .BR nodot . .Va EDITOR \*(sh The command to run when the .BR e dit or .B ~e command is used. Default is .IR ed (1). .Va escape \fIc\fR Substitute .I c for the ~ escape character. .Va folder \*(dr The directory for saving standard mail files. User specified file names beginning with a plus (+) are expanded by preceding the filename with this directory name to obtain the real filename. If \*(dr does not start with a slash (/), $HOME is prepended to it. In order to use the plus (+) construct on a \*(Ma command line, "folder" must be an exported .I sh environment variable. There is no default for the "folder" variable. See also "outfolder" below. .V header Enable printing of the header summary when entering \*(Ma. Enabled by default. .V hold Preserve all messages that are read in the \*(mx instead of putting them in the standard \*(mb save file. Default is .BR nohold . .V ignore Ignore interrupts while entering messages. Handy for noisy dial-up lines. Default is .BR noignore . .V ignoreeof Ignore end-of-file during message input. Input must be terminated by a period (.) on a line by itself or by the .B ~. command. Default is .BR noignoreeof . See also "dot" above. .V keep When the \*(mx is empty, truncate it to zero length instead of removing it. Disabled by default. .V keepsave Keep messages that have been saved in other files in the \*(mx instead of deleting them. Default is .BR nokeepsave . .Va \s-1MBOX\s+1 \*(fn The name of the file to save messages which have been read. The .BR x it command overrides this function, as does saving the message explicitly in another file. Default is $HOME/mbox. .V metoo If your login appears as a recipient, do not delete it from the list. Default is .BR nometoo . .Va \s-1LISTER\s+1 \*(sh The command (and options) to use when listing the contents of the "folder" directory. The default is .IR ls (1). .V onehop When responding to a message that was originally sent to several recipients, the other recipient addresses are normally forced to be relative to the originating author's machine for the response. This flag disables alteration of the recipients' addresses, improving efficiency in a network where all machines can send directly to all other machines (i.e., one hop away). .V outfolder Causes the files used to record outgoing messages to be located in the directory specified by the "folder" variable unless the pathname is absolute. Default is .BR nooutfolder . See "folder" above and the .BR S ave, .BR C opy, .BR fo llowup, and .BR F ollowup commands. .V page Used with the .BR pi pe command to insert a form feed after each message sent through the pipe. Default is .BR nopage . .Va \s-1PAGER\s+1 \*(sh The command to use as a filter for paginating output. This can also be used to specify the options to be used. Default is .IR pg (1). .Va prompt \*(st Set the \fIcommand mode\fR prompt to \*(st. Default is "?\ ". .V quiet Refrain from printing the opening message and version when entering \*(Ma. Default is .BR noquiet . .Va record \*(fn Record all outgoing mail in \*(fn. Disabled by default. See also "outfolder" above. .V save Enable saving of messages in \*(dl on interrupt or delivery error. See "DEAD" for a description of this file. Enabled by default. .Va screen \*(nu Sets the number of lines in a screen\-full of headers for the .BR h eaders command. .Va sendmail \*(sh Alternate command for delivering messages. Default is .IR mail (1). .V sendwait Wait for background mailer to finish before returning. Default is .BR nosendwait . .Va SHELL \*(sh The name of a preferred command interpreter. Default is .IR sh (1). .V showto When displaying the header summary and the message is from you, print the recipient's name instead of the author's name. .Va sign \*(st The variable inserted into the text of a message when the .B ~a (autograph) command is given. No default (see also .B ~i (\*(TE)). .Va Sign \*(st The variable inserted into the text of a message when the .B ~A command is given. No default (see also .B ~i (\*(TE)). .Va toplines \*(nu The number of lines of header to print with the .BR to p command. Default is 5. .Va \s-1VISUAL\s+1 \*(sh The name of a preferred screen editor. Default is .IR vi (1). .PD .SH FILES .ta \w'/usr/lib/mailx/mailx.help 'u \s-1$HOME\s+1/.mailrc personal start-up file .br \s-1$HOME\s+1/mbox secondary storage file .br /usr/mail/* post office directory .br /usr/lib/mailx/mailx.help* help message files .br /usr/lib/mailx/mailx.rc global start-up file .br /tmp/R[emqsx]* temporary files .SH SEE ALSO mail(1), pg(1), ls(1). .SH BUGS Where \*(sh is shown as valid, arguments are not always allowed. Experimentation is recommended. .PP Internal variables imported from the execution environment cannot be .BR uns et. .PP The full internet addressing is not fully supported by \*(Ma. The new standards need some time to settle down. .PP Attempts to send a message having a line consisting only of a ``.'' are treated as the end of the message by \f2mail\fR(1) (the standard mail delivery program). .\" @(#)mailx.1 1.3 of 1/14/85 12:38:55 - Amdahl/UTS 0707070000020026001006440001460001440000010260420352522257100001200000134416mailx.man MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE mailx - interactive message processing system SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS mmmmaaaaiiiillllxxxx [[[[_o_p_t_i_o_n_s]]]] [[[[_n_a_m_e...]]]] DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN The command _m_a_i_l_x provides a comfortable, flexible environment for sending and receiving messages electronically. When reading mail, _m_a_i_l_x provides commands to facilitate saving, deleting, and responding to messages. When sending mail, _m_a_i_l_x allows editing, reviewing and other modification of the message as it is entered. Incoming mail is stored in a standard file for each user, called the system _m_a_i_l_b_o_x for that user. When _m_a_i_l_x is called to read messages, the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x is the default place to find them. As messages are read, they are marked to be moved to a secondary file for storage, unless specific action is taken, so that the messages need not be seen again. This secondary file is called the _m_b_o_x and is normally located in the user's HOME directory (see "MBOX" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES) for a description of this file). Messages remain in this file until forcibly removed. On the command line, _o_p_t_i_o_n_s start with a dash (-) and any other arguments are taken to be destinations (recipients). If no recipients are specified, _m_a_i_l_x will attempt to read messages from the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x. Command line options are: ----dddd Turn on debugging output. Neither particularly interesting nor recommended. ----eeee Test for presence of mail. _M_a_i_l_x prints nothing and exits with a successful return code if there is mail to read. ----ffff [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] Read messages from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e instead of _m_a_i_l_b_o_x. If no _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is specified, the _m_b_o_x is used. ----FFFF Record the message in a file named after the first recipient. Overrides the "record" variable, if set (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). ----hhhh_n_u_m_b_e_r The number of network "hops" made so far. This is provided for network software to avoid infinite delivery loops. ----HHHH Print header summary only. ----iiii Ignore interrupts. See also "ignore" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). ----nnnn Do not initialize from the system default _M_a_i_l_x._r_c file. ----NNNN Do not print initial header summary. Page 1 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) ----rrrr _a_d_d_r_e_s_s Pass _a_d_d_r_e_s_s to network delivery software. All tilde commands are disabled. ----ssss _s_u_b_j_e_c_t Set the Subject header field to _s_u_b_j_e_c_t. ----uuuu _u_s_e_r Read _u_s_e_r's _m_a_i_l_b_o_x. This is only effective if _u_s_e_r's _m_a_i_l_b_o_x is not read protected. ----UUUU Convert _u_u_c_p style addresses to internet standards. Overrides the "conv" environment variable. When reading mail, _m_a_i_l_x is in _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _m_o_d_e. A header summary of the first several messages is displayed, followed by a prompt indicating _m_a_i_l_x can accept regular commands (see COMMANDS below). When sending mail, _m_a_i_l_x is in _i_n_p_u_t _m_o_d_e. If no subject is specified on the command line, a prompt for the subject is printed. As the message is typed, _m_a_i_l_x will read the message and store it in a temporary file. Commands may be entered by beginning a line with the tilde (~) escape character followed by a single command letter and optional arguments. See TILDE ESCAPES for a summary of these commands. At any time, the behavior of _m_a_i_l_x is governed by a set of _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s. These are flags and valued parameters which are set and cleared via the sssseeeet and uuuunnnnsssset commands. See ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES below for a summary of these parameters. Recipients listed on the command line may be of three types: login names, shell commands, or alias groups. Login names may be any network address, including mixed network addressing. If the recipient name begins with a pipe symbol ( | ), the rest of the name is taken to be a shell command to pipe the message through. This provides an automatic interface with any program that reads the standard input, such as _l_p(1) for recording outgoing mail on paper. Alias groups are set by the aaaalias command (see COMMANDS below) and are lists of recipients of any type. Regular commands are of the form [ ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd ] [ _m_s_g_l_i_s_t ] [ _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s ] If no command is specified in _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _m_o_d_e, pppprint is assumed. In _i_n_p_u_t _m_o_d_e, commands are recognized by the escape character, and lines not treated as commands are taken as input for the message. Each message is assigned a sequential number, and there is at any time the notion of a 'current' message, marked by a Page 2 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) '>' in the header summary. Many commands take an optional list of messages (_m_s_g_l_i_s_t) to operate on, which defaults to the current message. A _m_s_g_l_i_s_t is a list of message specifications separated by spaces, which may include: nnnn Message number nnnn. .... The current message. ^^^^ The first undeleted message. $$$$ The last message. **** All messages. nnnn----mmmm An inclusive range of message numbers. uuuusssseeeerrrr All messages from uuuusssseeeerrrr. ////ssssttttrrrriiiinnnngggg All messages with ssssttttrrrriiiinnnngggg in the subject line (case ignored). ::::_c All messages of type _c, where _c is one of: dddd deleted messages nnnn new messages oooo old messages rrrr read messages uuuu unread messages Note that the context of the command determines whether this type of message specification makes sense. Other arguments are usually arbitrary strings whose usage depends on the command involved. File names, where expected, are expanded via the normal shell conventions (see _s_h(1)). Special characters are recognized by certain commands and are documented with the commands below. At start-up time, _m_a_i_l_x reads commands from a system-wide file (////uuuussssrrrr////lllliiiibbbb////mmmmaaaaiiiillllxxxx////mmmmaaaaiiiillllxxxx....rrrrcccc) to initialize certain parameters, then from a private start-up file ($$$$HHHHOOOOMMMMEEEE////....mmmmaaaaiiiillllrrrrcccc) for personalized variables. Most regular commands are legal inside start-up files, the most common use being to set up initial display options and alias lists. The following commands are not legal in the start-up file: !!!!, CCCCopy, eeeedit, ffffoooollowup, FFFFollowup, hhhhoooold, mmmmail, pppprrrreeeeserve, rrrreply, RRRReply, sssshhhhell, and vvvvisual. Any errors in the start-up file cause the remaining lines in the file to be ignored. CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDDSSSS The following is a complete list of _m_a_i_l_x commands: !!!!_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Escape to the shell. See "SHELL" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). #### _c_o_m_m_e_n_t Null command (comment). This may be useful in ._m_a_i_l_r_c files. Page 3 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) ==== Print the current message number. ???? Prints a summary of commands. aaaalias _a_l_i_a_s _n_a_m_e ... ggggroup _a_l_i_a_s _n_a_m_e ... Declare an alias for the given names. The names will be substituted when _a_l_i_a_s is used as a recipient. Useful in the ._m_a_i_l_r_c file. aaaalllltttternates _n_a_m_e ... Declares a list of alternate names for your login. When responding to a message, these names are removed from the list of recipients for the response. With no arguments, aaaalllltttternates prints the current list of alternate names. See also "allnet" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). ccccdddd [_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y] cccchhhhdir [_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y] Change directory. If _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y is not specified, $HOME is used. ccccopy [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] ccccopy [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e Copy messages to the file without marking the messages as saved. Otherwise equivalent to the ssssave command. CCCCopy [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Save the specified messages in a file whose name is derived from the author of the message to be saved, without marking the messages as saved. Otherwise equivalent to the SSSSave command. ddddelete [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Delete messages from the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x. If "autoprint" is set, the next message after the last one deleted is printed (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). ddddiiiiscard [_h_e_a_d_e_r-_f_i_e_l_d ...] iiiiggggnore [_h_e_a_d_e_r-_f_i_e_l_d ...] Suppresses printing of the specified header fields when displaying messages on the screen. Examples of header fields to ignore are "status" and "cc." The fields are included when the message is saved. The PPPPrint and TTTType commands override this command. ddddpppp [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] ddddtttt [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Delete the specified messages from the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x and Page 4 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) print the next message after the last one deleted. Roughly equivalent to a ddddelete command followed by a pppprint command. eeeeccccho _s_t_r_i_n_g ... Echo the given strings (like _e_c_h_o(1)). eeeedit [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Edit the given messages. The messages are placed in a temporary file and the "EDITOR" variable is used to get the name of the editor (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). Default editor is _e_d(1). eeeexxxxit xxxxit Exit from _m_a_i_l_x, without changing the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x. No messages are saved in the _m_b_o_x (see also qqqquit). ffffiiiile [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] ffffoooolllldddder [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] Quit from the current file of messages and read in the specified file. Several special characters are recognized when used as file names, with the following substitutions: % the current _m_a_i_l_b_o_x. %uuuusssseeeerrrr the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x for uuuusssseeeerrrr. # the previous file. & the current _m_b_o_x. Default file is the current _m_a_i_l_b_o_x. ffffoooollllddddeeeerrrrssss Print the names of the files in the directory set by the "folder" variable (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). ffffoooollowup [_m_e_s_s_a_g_e] Respond to a message, recording the response in a file whose name is derived from the author of the message. Overrides the "record" variable, if set. See also the FFFFollowup, SSSSave, and CCCCopy commands and "outfolder" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). FFFFollowup [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Respond to the first message in the _m_s_g_l_i_s_t, sending the message to the author of each message in the _m_s_g_l_i_s_t. The subject line is taken from the first message and the response is recorded in a file whose name is derived from the author of the first message. See also the ffffoooollowup, SSSSave, and CCCCopy commands and "outfolder" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). Page 5 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) ffffrom [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Prints the header summary for the specified messages. ggggroup _a_l_i_a_s _n_a_m_e ... aaaalias _a_l_i_a_s _n_a_m_e ... Declare an alias for the given names. The names will be substituted when _a_l_i_a_s is used as a recipient. Useful in the ._m_a_i_l_r_c file. hhhheaders [_m_e_s_s_a_g_e] 9 Prints the page of headers which includes the message specified. The "screen" variable sets the number of headers per page (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). See also the zzzz command. hhhheeeellllp Prints a summary of commands. hhhhoooold [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] pppprrrreeeeserve [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Holds the specified messages in the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x. iiiif _s | _r _m_a_i_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_ds eeeellllse _m_a_i_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_ds eeeennnndif Conditional execution, where _s will execute following _m_a_i_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_ds, up to an eeeellllse or eeeennnndif, if the program is in _s_e_n_d mode, and _r causes the _m_a_i_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_ds to be executed only in _r_e_c_e_i_v_e mode. Useful in the ._m_a_i_l_r_c file. iiiiggggnore _h_e_a_d_e_r-_f_i_e_l_d ... ddddiiiiscard _h_e_a_d_e_r-_f_i_e_l_d ... Suppresses printing of the specified header fields when displaying messages on the screen. Examples of header fields to ignore are "status" and "cc." All fields are included when the message is saved. The PPPPrint and TTTType commands override this command. llllist Prints all commands available. No explanation is given. mmmmail _n_a_m_e ... Mail a message to the specified users. 9 Page 6 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) mmmmbbbbox [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Arrange for the given messages to end up in the standard _m_b_o_x save file when _m_a_i_l_x terminates normally. See "MBOX" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES) for a description of this file. See also the eeeexxxxit and qqqquit commands. nnnnext [_m_e_s_s_a_g_e] Go to next message matching _m_e_s_s_a_g_e. A _m_s_g_l_i_s_t may be specified, but in this case the first valid message in the list is the only one used. This is useful for jumping to the next message from a specific user, since the name would be taken as a command in the absence of a real command. See the discussion of _m_s_g_l_i_s_ts above for a description of possible message specifications. ppppiiiipe [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] [_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d] 9 |||| [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] [_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d] Pipe the message through the given _s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d. The message is treated as if it were read. If no arguments are given, the current message is piped through the command specified by the value of the "cmd" variable. If the "page" variable is set, a form feed character is inserted after each message (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). pppprrrreeeeserve [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] 9 hhhhoooold [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Preserve the specified messages in the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x. PPPPrint [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] TTTType [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Print the specified messages on the screen, including all header fields. Overrides suppression of fields by the iiiiggggnore command. pppprint [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] 9 ttttype [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Print the specified messages. If "crt" is set, the messages longer than the number of lines specified by the "crt" variable are paged through the command specified by the "PAGER" variable. The default command is _p_g(1) (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). qqqquit Exit from _m_a_i_l_x, storing messages that were read in _m_b_o_x and unread messages in the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x. Messages that have been explicitly saved in a file are deleted. 9 Page 7 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) RRRReply [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] 9 RRRRespond [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Send a response to the author of each message in the _m_s_g_l_i_s_t. The subject line is taken from the first message. If "record" is set to a filename, the response is saved at the end of that file (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). rrrreply [_m_e_s_s_a_g_e] 9 rrrrespond [_m_e_s_s_a_g_e] Reply to the specified message, including all other recipients of the message. If "record" is set to a filename, the response is saved at the end of that file (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). SSSSave [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Save the specified messages in a file whose name is derived from the author of the first message. The name of the file is taken to be the author's name with all network addressing stripped off. See also the CCCCopy, ffffoooollowup, and FFFFollowup commands and "outfolder" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). ssssave [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] 9 ssssave [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e Save the specified messages in the given file. The file is created if it does not exist. The message is deleted from the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x when _m_a_i_l_x terminates unless "keepsave" is set (see also ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES and the eeeexxxxit and qqqquit commands). sssseeeet sssseeeet _n_a_m_e sssseeeet _n_a_m_e=_s_t_r_i_n_g sssseeeet _n_a_m_e=_n_u_m_b_e_r Define a variable called _n_a_m_e. The variable may be given a null, string, or numeric value. SSSSeeeet by itself prints all defined variables and their values. See ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES for detailed descriptions of the _m_a_i_l_x variables. sssshhhhell Invoke an interactive shell (see also "SHELL" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES)). 9 Page 8 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) ssssiiiize [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Print the size in characters of the specified messages. ssssoooource _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e Read commands from the given file and return to command mode. ttttoooop [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Print the top few lines of the specified messages. If the "toplines" variable is set, it is taken as the number of lines to print (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). The default is 5. ttttoooouuuuch [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Touch the specified messages. If any message in _m_s_g_l_i_s_t is not specifically saved in a file, it will be placed in the _m_b_o_x upon normal termination. See eeeexxxxit and qqqquit. TTTType [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] 9 PPPPrint [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Print the specified messages on the screen, including all header fields. Overrides suppression of fields by the iiiiggggnore command. ttttype [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] 9 pppprint [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Print the specified messages. If "crt" is set, the messages longer than the number of lines specified by the "crt" variable are paged through the command specified by the "PAGER" variable. The default command is _p_g(1) (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). uuuundelete [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Restore the specified deleted messages. Will only restore messages deleted in the current mail session. If "autoprint" is set, the last message of those restored is printed (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). uuuunnnnsssset _n_a_m_e ... Causes the specified variables to be erased. If the variable was imported from the execution environment (i.e., a shell variable) then it cannot be erased. vvvveeeersion Prints the current version and release date. Page 9 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) vvvvisual [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Edit the given messages with a screen editor. The messages are placed in a temporary file and the "VISUAL" variable is used to get the name of the editor (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). wwwwrite [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e Write the given messages on the specified file, minus the header and trailing blank line. Otherwise equivalent to the ssssave command. xxxxit eeeexxxxit Exit from _m_a_i_l_x, without changing the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x. No messages are saved in the _m_b_o_x (see also qqqquit). zzzz[ + | - ] Scroll the header display forward or backward one screen-full. The number of headers displayed is set by the "screen" variable (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). TTTTIIIILLLLDDDDEEEE EEEESSSSCCCCAAAAPPPPEEEESSSS The following commands may be entered only from _i_n_p_u_t _m_o_d_e, by beginning a line with the tilde escape character (~). See "escape" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES) for changing this special character. ~~~~!!!! _s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Escape to the shell. ~~~~.... Simulate end of file (terminate message input). ~~~~:::: _m_a_i_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d ~~~~____ _m_a_i_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Perform the command-level request. Valid only when sending a message while reading mail. ~~~~???? Print a summary of tilde escapes. ~~~~AAAA Insert the autograph string "Sign" into the message (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). ~~~~aaaa Insert the autograph string "sign" into the message (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). ~~~~bbbb _n_a_m_e ... Add the _n_a_m_es to the blind carbon copy (Bcc) list. Page 10 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) ~~~~cccc _n_a_m_e ... Add the _n_a_m_es to the carbon copy (Cc) list. ~~~~dddd Read in the _d_e_a_d._l_e_t_t_e_r file. See "DEAD" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES) for a description of this file. ~~~~eeee Invoke the editor on the partial message. See also "EDITOR" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). ~~~~ffff [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Forward the specified messages. The messages are inserted into the message, without alteration. ~~~~hhhh Prompt for Subject line and To, Cc, and Bcc lists. If the field is displayed with an initial value, it may be edited as if you had just typed it. ~~~~iiii _s_t_r_i_n_g Insert the value of the named variable into the text of the message. For example, ~~~~AAAA is equivalent to '~~~~iiii Sign.' ~~~~mmmm [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] Insert the specified messages into the letter, shifting the new text to the right one tab stop. Valid only when sending a message while reading mail. ~~~~pppp Print the message being entered. ~~~~qqqq Quit from input mode by simulating an interrupt. If the body of the message is not null, the partial message is saved in _d_e_a_d._l_e_t_t_e_r. See "DEAD" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES) for a description of this file. ~~~~rrrr _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e ~~~~<<<< _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e ~~~~<<<< !_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Read in the specified file. If the argument begins with an exclamation point (!), the rest of the string is taken as an arbitrary shell command and is executed, with the standard output inserted into the message. ~~~~ssss _s_t_r_i_n_g ... Set the subject line to _s_t_r_i_n_g. ~~~~tttt _n_a_m_e ... Add the given _n_a_m_es to the To list. Page 11 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) ~~~~vvvv Invoke a preferred screen editor on the partial message. See also "VISUAL" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). ~~~~wwww _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e Write the partial message onto the given file, without the header. ~~~~xxxx Exit as with ~~~~qqqq except the message is not saved in _d_e_a_d._l_e_t_t_e_r. ~~~~|||| _s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe the body of the message through the given _s_h_e_l_l- _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the _s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d returns a successful exit status, the output of the command replaces the message. EEEENNNNVVVVIIIIRRRROOOONNNNMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT VVVVAAAARRRRIIIIAAAABBBBLLLLEEEESSSS The following are environment variables taken from the execution environment and are not alterable within _m_a_i_l_x. HHHHOOOOMMMMEEEE=_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y The user's base of operations. MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLRRRRCCCC=_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e The name of the start-up file. Default is $HOME/.mailrc. The following variables are internal _m_a_i_l_x variables. They may be imported from the execution environment or set via the sssseeeet command at any time. The uuuunnnnsssset command may be used to erase variables. aaaallllllllnnnneeeetttt All network names whose last component (login name) match are treated as identical. This causes the _m_s_g_l_i_s_t message specifications to behave similarly. Default is nnnnooooaaaallllllllnnnneeeetttt. See also the aaaalllltttternates command and the "metoo" variable. aaaappppppppeeeennnndddd Upon termination, append messages to the end of the _m_b_o_x file instead of prepending them. Default is nnnnooooaaaappppppppeeeennnndddd.... aaaasssskkkkcccccccc Prompt for the Cc list after message is entered. Default is nnnnooooaaaasssskkkkcccccccc. aaaasssskkkkssssuuuubbbb Prompt for subject if it is not specified on the Page 12 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) command line with the ----ssss option. Enabled by default. aaaauuuuttttoooopppprrrriiiinnnntttt Enable automatic printing of messages after ddddelete and uuuundelete commands. Default is nnnnooooaaaauuuuttttoooopppprrrriiiinnnntttt. bbbbaaaannnngggg Enable the special-casing of exclamation points (!) in shell escape command lines as in _v_i(1). Default is nnnnoooobbbbaaaannnngggg. ccccmmmmdddd=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Set the default command for the ppppiiiipe command. No default value. ccccoooonnnnvvvv=_c_o_n_v_e_r_s_i_o_n Convert uucp addresses to the specified address style. The only valid conversion now is _i_n_t_e_r_n_e_t, which requires a mail delivery program conforming to the RFC822 standard for electronic mail addressing. Conversion is disabled by default. See also "sendmail" and the ----UUUU command line option. ccccrrrrtttt=_n_u_m_b_e_r Pipe messages having more than _n_u_m_b_e_r lines through the command specified by the value of the "PAGER" variable (_p_g(1) by default). Disabled by default. DDDDEEEEAAAADDDD=_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e The name of the file in which to save partial letters in case of untimely interrupt or delivery errors. Default is $HOME/dead.letter. ddddeeeebbbbuuuugggg Enable verbose diagnostics for debugging. Messages are not delivered. Default is nnnnooooddddeeeebbbbuuuugggg. ddddooootttt Take a period on a line by itself during input from a terminal as end-of-file. Default is nnnnooooddddooootttt. EEEEDDDDIIIITTTTOOOORRRR=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d The command to run when the eeeedit or ~~~~eeee command is used. Default is _e_d(1). eeeessssccccaaaappppeeee=_c Substitute _c for the ~ escape character. ffffoooollllddddeeeerrrr=_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y The directory for saving standard mail files. User specified file names beginning with a plus (+) are expanded by preceding the filename with this directory Page 13 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) name to obtain the real filename. If _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y does not start with a slash (/), $HOME is prepended to it. In order to use the plus (+) construct on a _m_a_i_l_x command line, "folder" must be an exported _s_h environment variable. There is no default for the "folder" variable. See also "outfolder" below. hhhheeeeaaaaddddeeeerrrr Enable printing of the header summary when entering _m_a_i_l_x. Enabled by default. hhhhoooolllldddd Preserve all messages that are read in the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x instead of putting them in the standard _m_b_o_x save file. Default is nnnnoooohhhhoooolllldddd. iiiiggggnnnnoooorrrreeee Ignore interrupts while entering messages. Handy for noisy dial-up lines. Default is nnnnooooiiiiggggnnnnoooorrrreeee. iiiiggggnnnnoooorrrreeeeeeeeooooffff Ignore end-of-file during message input. Input must be terminated by a period (.) on a line by itself or by the ~~~~.... command. Default is nnnnooooiiiiggggnnnnoooorrrreeeeeeeeooooffff. See also "dot" above. kkkkeeeeeeeepppp When the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x is empty, truncate it to zero length instead of removing it. Disabled by default. kkkkeeeeeeeeppppssssaaaavvvveeee Keep messages that have been saved in other files in the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x instead of deleting them. Default is nnnnooookkkkeeeeeeeeppppssssaaaavvvveeee. MMMMBBBBOOOOXXXX=_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e The name of the file to save messages which have been read. The xxxxit command overrides this function, as does saving the message explicitly in another file. Default is $HOME/mbox. mmmmeeeettttoooooooo If your login appears as a recipient, do not delete it from the list. Default is nnnnoooommmmeeeettttoooooooo. LLLLIIIISSSSTTTTEEEERRRR=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d The command (and options) to use when listing the contents of the "folder" directory. The default is _l_s(1). oooonnnneeeehhhhoooopppp When responding to a message that was originally sent Page 14 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) to several recipients, the other recipient addresses are normally forced to be relative to the originating author's machine for the response. This flag disables alteration of the recipients' addresses, improving efficiency in a network where all machines can send directly to all other machines (i.e., one hop away). oooouuuuttttffffoooollllddddeeeerrrr Causes the files used to record outgoing messages to be located in the directory specified by the "folder" variable unless the pathname is absolute. Default is nnnnoooooooouuuuttttffffoooollllddddeeeerrrr. See "folder" above and the SSSSave, CCCCopy, ffffoooollowup, and FFFFollowup commands. ppppaaaaggggeeee Used with the ppppiiiipe command to insert a form feed after each message sent through the pipe. Default is nnnnooooppppaaaaggggeeee. PPPPAAAAGGGGEEEERRRR=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d The command to use as a filter for paginating output. This can also be used to specify the options to be used. Default is _p_g(1). pppprrrroooommmmpppptttt=_s_t_r_i_n_g Set the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _m_o_d_e prompt to _s_t_r_i_n_g. Default is "? ". qqqquuuuiiiieeeetttt Refrain from printing the opening message and version when entering _m_a_i_l_x. Default is nnnnooooqqqquuuuiiiieeeetttt. rrrreeeeccccoooorrrrdddd=_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e Record all outgoing mail in _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. Disabled by default. See also "outfolder" above. ssssaaaavvvveeee Enable saving of messages in _d_e_a_d._l_e_t_t_e_r on interrupt or delivery error. See "DEAD" for a description of this file. Enabled by default. ssssccccrrrreeeeeeeennnn=_n_u_m_b_e_r Sets the number of lines in a screen-full of headers for the hhhheaders command. sssseeeennnnddddmmmmaaaaiiiillll=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Alternate command for delivering messages. Default is _m_a_i_l(1). sssseeeennnnddddwwwwaaaaiiiitttt Wait for background mailer to finish before returning. Default is nnnnoooosssseeeennnnddddwwwwaaaaiiiitttt. Page 15 (printed 8/5/85) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....0000 MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLXXXX((((1111)))) SSSSHHHHEEEELLLLLLLL=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d The name of a preferred command interpreter. Default is _s_h(1). sssshhhhoooowwwwttttoooo When displaying the header summary and the message is from you, print the recipient's name instead of the author's name. ssssiiiiggggnnnn=_s_t_r_i_n_g The variable inserted into the text of a message when the ~~~~aaaa (autograph) command is given. No default (see also ~~~~iiii (TILDE ESCAPES)). SSSSiiiiggggnnnn=_s_t_r_i_n_g The variable inserted into the text of a message when the ~~~~AAAA command is given. No default (see also ~~~~iiii (TILDE ESCAPES)). ttttoooopppplllliiiinnnneeeessss=_n_u_m_b_e_r The number of lines of header to print with the ttttoooop command. Default is 5. VVVVIIIISSSSUUUUAAAALLLL=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d The name of a preferred screen editor. Default is _v_i(1). FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS $HOME/.mailrc personal start-up file $HOME/mbox secondary storage file /usr/mail/* post office directory /usr/lib/mailx/mailx.help* help message files /usr/lib/mailx/mailx.rc global start-up file /tmp/R[emqsx]* temporary files SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO mail(1), pg(1), ls(1). BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS Where _s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is shown as valid, arguments are not always allowed. Experimentation is recommended. Internal variables imported from the execution environment cannot be uuuunnnnsssset. The full internet addressing is not fully supported by _m_a_i_l_x. The new standards need some time to settle down. Attempts to send a message having a line consisting only of a ``.'' are treated as the end of the message by _m_a_i_l(1) (the standard mail delivery program). 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NX-@-A R. v/9 r .".NXJo^. ~/9 z .".NX-@-A`ZH?L ` H?LN "LNuH? o "($/ &/$N " LNuH? o/NX$/ &/$N//N P LNuH?$& /"/ `H?$/&/ /$"/(Nj "LNuH? o$&( / "/$NF " LNuH? o/NX$& / "/$N//N P LNu@UUŰcBCEHNJGf(g~JFf `0 FgrFDGQGmfJf` ^GkQJkցՀd RF Fm`LdFED@NNBM fBNuNp`(fFfJj$<B`$<B`H?$& /"/ `H?$/&/ /$"/(Nj "LNuH? o$&( / "/$NF " LNuH? o/NX$& / "/$N//N P LNu*BNb:G8<a,8<aᏄg$&<FN8`.HGODfJfJgRGSGgNu8<@ANBCFgDgNg Dg,NuNJk&Fg"Jg `Jk6g2$<`N LNu"`"/H8NVN0 LNu$<&HCĀ(f<Jg,<`&HBJ Bf4<`<Jg<`SB<B2Nu m `B>BFCNBNr, AKNux ,<.̂(ȃ⊄(΀ȁ∀NuJf F m F BJgk [ZNu<MAILX+IN 0707070000020025661007770001460001440000010053700352603036100001100000000060MAKEflopcat Files | cpio -ocBv > /dev/fp021 dismount -f 0707070000020025661007770001460001440000010053700352603036100001300000000000TRAILER!!!Aׄ@È@Y@$C@@$@$@$@$@$?@$@$ ((((( H 8 @     H0707070000020026051007770001460001440000010274050352603041300001100000000041MAKEcpiocat Files | cpio -ocBv >MAILX+IN 0707070000020025661007770001460001440000010053700352603036100001100000000060MAKEflopcat Files | cpio -ocBv > /dev/fp021 dismount -f 0707070000020025661007770001460001440000010053700352603036100001300000000000TRAILER!!!Aׄ@È@Y@$C@@$@$@$@$@$?@$@$ ((((( H 8 @     H0707070000020026051007770001460001440000010274050352603041300001100000000041MAKEcpiocat Files | cpio -ocBv >MAILX+IN 0707070000020025661007770001460001440000010053700352603036100001100000000060MAKEflopcat Files | cpio -ocBv > /dev/fp021 dismount -f 0707070000020025661007770001460001440000010053700352603036100001300000000000TRAILER!!!Aׄ@È@Y@$C@@$@$@$@$@$?@$@$ ((((( H 8 @     H0707070000020026051007770001460001440000010274050352603041300001100000000041MAKEcpiocat Files | cpio -ocBv >MAILX+IN 0707070000020025661007770001460001440000010053700352603036100001100000000060MAKEflopcat Files | cpio -ocBv > /dev/fp021 dismount -f 0707070000020025661007770001460001440000010053700352603036100001300000000000TRAILER!!!Aׄ@È@Y@$C@@$@$@$@$@$?@$@$ ((((( H 8 @